Original Papers. Success and Predictors of Blood Pressure Control in Diverse North American Settings: The Antihypertensive and Lipid‐Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)

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Abstract
Context. Blood pressure control ( Objective. To determine the success and predictors of blood pressure control in a large hypertension trial involving a multiethnic population in diverse practice settings. Design. The Antihypertensive and Lipid‐Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial is a randomized, double‐blind, active‐controlled clinical trial with a mean follow‐up of 4.9 years. Participant enrollment began in February 1994 and follow‐up was completed in March 2002. Setting. A total of 623 centers in the United States, Canada, and the Caribbean. Participants. A total of 33,357 participants (aged ≥55 years) with hypertension and at least one other coronary heart disease risk factor. Interventions. Participants were randomly assigned to receive (double‐blind) chlorthalidone, 12.5–25 mg/d (n=15,255), amlodipine 2.5–10 mg/d (n=9048), or lisinopril 10–40 mg/d (n=9054) after other medication was discontinued. Doses were increased within these ranges and additional drugs from other classes were added as needed to achieve blood pressure control ( Main Outcome Measures. The outcome measures for this report are systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the proportion of participants achieving blood pressure control ( Results. Mean age was 67 years, 47% were women, 35% black, 36% diabetic; 90% were on antihypertensive drug treatment at entry. At the first of two pre‐randomization visits, blood pressure was Conclusions. These data demonstrate that blood pressure may be controlled in two thirds of a multiethnic hypertensive population in diverse practice settings. Systolic blood pressure is more difficult to control than diastolic blood pressure, and at least two antihypertensive medications are required for most patients to achieve blood pressure control. It is likely that the majority of people with hypertension could achieve a blood pressure