Frozen‐surface replicas of rat bladder luminal membrane

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Abstract
A method for preparing replicas of the luminal surface of frozen, unfractured but deep-etched whole bladder tissue using a Bullivant type II device is described. A small piece of glutaraldehyde-fixed (uncryoprotected) rat bladder is rinsed in distilled water, mounted luminal side uppermost on a specimen holder and rapidly frozen by immersion in liquid nitrogen (cooled below its boiling point in a vacuum) or by contact with a copper block at liquid nitrogen temperature. The specimen is processed in the type II device without fracturing and 'deep-etched' by allowing a longer period than usual to elapse before shadowing. The results are assessed with reference to the appearance of the luminal membrane in standard freeze-fracture replicas, and some preliminary observations on the structure of the normal luminal membrane and its counterpart in bladder tumours are presented.