Abstract
Serological assays for the detection of antibody to the capsid proteins of the genital human papillomaviruses are now available as a result of the ability to generate in-vitro native capsid protein and virus-like particles. These reagents appear to be of value in seroepidemiological studies, but may not prove to be of diagnostic value for the detection of infection in individuals. Virus-like particles are candidate immunogens for prophylactic vaccines, and early viral proteins have potential for immunotherapies. Data from animal models have been encouraging for both approaches.