Circuit theory of multielement laser diodes

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Abstract
A general theory of noise and small-signal modulation of multielement laser diodes in the saturated regime is established. Nonlinear elements are connected to the ports of a linear-optical circuit oscillating in a single electromagnetic mode. The laser amplitude and phase fluctuations are expressed simply in terms of the scattering matrix of the linear-optical circuit at any baseband frequency and for an arbitrary electronic feedback. The case of a single laser diode and a single detector is treated to demonstrate this method. The correlation between optical power and electrical voltage fluctuations is shown to disappear at large output powers, in agreement with recent experiments.