Interaction of body mass index and attempt to lose weight in a national sample of US adults: association with reported food and nutrient intake, and biomarkers

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Abstract
Objective: This study examined the interaction between body mass index (BMI) and attempting to lose weight for reporting of: (1) macro- and micronutrient intake; (2) intake of low-nutrient-density foods; and (3) serum biomarkers of dietary exposure and cardiovascular disease risk. Methods: Dietary, anthropometric and biochemical data were from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994), n=13 095. Multiple regression methods were used to examine the independent associations of BMI, trying to lose weight, or the interaction of BMI–trying to lose weight with reported intakes of energy, nutrients, percentage energy from low-nutrient-density foods (sweeteners, baked and dairy desserts, visible fats and salty snacks), and serum concentrations of vitamins, carotenoids and lipids. Results: BMI was an independent positive predictor (PPP<0.05) in both men and women. Few adverse BMI-trying to lose weight interaction effects were noted. Conclusion: There was little evidence of increased nutritional risk in those reportedly trying to lose weight irrespective of weight status. Sponsorship: NIH research grant (R03 CA81604) and a USDA NRICGP award (NYR-9700611).