Using Taxonomy to Predict Success among Introduced Avifauna: Relative Importance of Transport and Establishment
- 1 June 1999
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Wiley in Conservation Biology
- Vol. 13 (3) , 560-567
- https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.98155.x
Abstract
For invasion ecology to become a quantitative approach to conservation, robust predictors of success must be identified. Taxonomy, although often casually mentioned, has never been thoroughly assessed as an agent of prediction. I used binomial probabilities to identify taxonomic patterns in establishment success among global avifauna. At most, 2.54% of all avian species are considered successfully established exotics somewhere in the world. The distribution of these species among higher taxa is far from random. Seven families contained more successfully established exotic species than expected by chance: Anatidae (ducks and geese), Phasianidae (pheasants), Passeridae (sparrows and estrildid finches), Psittacidae (parrots and allies), Columbidae (pigeons and doves), Rheidae (rheas), and Odontophoridae (New World quails). Human influence on probability of transport appears to drive this taxonomic pattern. Anatidae, Odontophoridae, and Phasianidae hold far more species than expected that arrived in their invasive range for exploitation (i.e., hunting or game). Passeridae and Sturnidae (starlings and mynahs) have more pet species than expected by chance. Thus, traits that enhance probability of purposeful transport exhibit a taxonomic pattern. This human influence on probability of transport increases the quantity of species introduced but does not increase the proportion of species that successfully become established. When invasion risk is assigned, it is vital to understand the interaction between species-specific attributes that influence establishment and transportation. Resumen: Para que la ecología de invasiones sea una aproximación cuantitativa a la conservación se deben identificar predictores de éxito sólidos. Aunue a menudo se menciona casualmente, la taxonomía nunca ha sido evaluada a fondo como un agente de predicción. Utilicé probabilidades binomiales para identificar patrones taxonómicos en el éxito de avifauna global. Cuando mucho, el 2.54% del total de especies de aves son consideradas como exóticas establecidas exitosamente en alguna otra parte del mundo. La distribución de estas especies en los taxa superiores dista de ser aleatoria. Siete familias presentaron más especies exóticas establecidas que las esperadas al azar: Anatidae (patos y gansos), Phasianidae (faisanes), Passeridae (gorriones y pinzones estríldidos), Psittacidae (loros y afines), Columbidae (palomas), Rheidae (reas) y Odontophoridae (codornices del Nuevo Mundo). Este patrón taxonómico parece ser guiado por la influencia humana en la probabilidad de transporte. Las familias Anatidae, Odontophoridae y Phasianidae tienen mayor número de especies que arribaron a su rango invasivo para ser explotadas (i.e., cacería) que el esperado. Las familias Passeridae y Sturnidae (estorninos y minahs) tienen un mayor número de especies usadas como mascotas que el esperado al azar. Así los rasgos que incrementan la probabilidad de transporte con finalidad utilitaria presentan un patrón taxonómico. Esta influencia humana en la probabilidad de transporte incrementa la cantidad de especies introducidas pero no incrementa la proporción de especies que se establecen exitosamente. Al asignar riesgo de invasión parece fundamental entender la interacción entre atributos de las especies que influyen en su establecimiento y transporte.Keywords
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