Interglacial Deposits of West Cumberland and North Lancashire

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Abstract
Seldom do we find the whole three members present in one section. Sometimes the Lower Boulder-clay alone is found ; at others this is overlain by sand or gravel or clay, or by some or all of these rocks. In other cases we find the series complete. They occur almost continuously, in more or less completeness, from the sea-shore to an altitude of 500 feet ; and from that level they appear in patches up to 1000 feet above the sea. The two Boulder-clays have the ordinary character, and are very much alike, except that the lower is tougher than the upper and contains larger boulders. The character of the included stones is the same in both clays, as well as in the middle sands and gravel.Some most remarkable facts are presented by the distribution of these boulders. Associated with these glacial beds, and occurring at various places, sometimes inland, sometimes along the sea-coast, between high- and low-water marks, there are a number of deposits of vegetable matter, which hitherto have been almost entirely neglected by geologists. When occurring on the sea-shore, these deposits usually pass by the name of “submerged forests.” I am, however, inclined to doubt the accuracy of this appellation. After a long and careful investigation into the nature of these deposits, I have come to the conclusion that they are not forests at all, nor the sites of forests,as will appear further on. 2. Observed Facts Lindal deposit . —The first of these deposits to which I shall

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