The effect of caffeine on two-stage skin carcinogenesis and on complete systemic carcinogenesis

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Abstract
A single large dose of caffeine (100 μg/g body weight) was injected at different times in relation to urethan initiation for skin tumorigenesis, topical anthranil treatment serving as promoter. Caffeine significantly increased papilloma incidence when given 6 h before initiation, and to an insignificant extent, at 9 h prior to initiation. A tendency for inhibition was evident when caffeine was administered 6 h after urethan but this was also not statistically significant. Lung adenoma induction by urethan was unaffected. The significance of the timing of caffeine treatment in modifying the outcome of the initiation phase is discussed.