Cytological studies in the genus Phaseolus. I. Mitotic analysis in fourteen species.

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Abstract
In all 14 spp. [P. aureus, P. sublobatus, P. mungo, P. calcaratus, P. trilobus, P. ricciardianus, P. radiatus, P. acutifolius, P. atropurpureus, P. lunatus, P. torosus, P. angularis, P. aconitifolius, P. aborigineus] the somatic chromosome numbers were uniform (2n = 22). These species differed appreciably in the total chromatin length, relative length, F% [percentage of the short arm length to the entire chromosome length] and T.F. [ratio in percent of the total sum of short arm length to the total sum of chromosome length] value of their chromosomes. In most of the species, the chromosomes were only with median and sub-median centromeres. In P. aureus, P. sublobatus and P. radiatus, 1 pair of chromosomes each with secondary constrictions were recorded, whereas in all other species they were absent. There was great variation among the different species, in terms of symmetrical and asymmetrical karyotypes. Differences in the chromosomes morphology of these species show the role of karyotypes evolution in speciation in Phaseolus. Karyotype asymmetry and change in the morphology of the chromosomes apparently were instrumental in speciation within the genus Phaseolus.

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