Analysis of the cathode region of a free-burning high intensity argon arc

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Abstract
This paper is concerned with analytical/numerical studies of the cathode region of an atmospheric pressure, free-burning high intensity argon arc. The cathode region is divided into two model zones: the ionization zone and the space-charge zone. The former accounts for the generation of ions while the latter is responsible for the sheath formation. The governing equations for each zone are established by taking the dominant physical processes into account. Employing boundary conditions from the results of previous studies of the flow-affected region, one-dimensional solutions of the governing equations are obtained. The results indicate a net positive space charge in front of the cathode surface and the electron and ion fluxes are mainly driven by the potential gradient. A significant fraction of the total current is carried by positive ions which is important for establishing the energy balance at the cathode surface.