Nível e natureza do estoque orgânico de latossolos sob diferentes sistemas de uso e manejo
Open Access
- 1 January 2000
- journal article
- Published by FapUNIFESP (SciELO) in Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira
- Vol. 35 (1) , 157-170
- https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2000000100018
Abstract
O papel fundamental da matéria orgânica (MO) justifica o crescente interesse pela identificação de sistemas de uso e manejo que melhorem o estoque orgânico em solos tropicais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar variações quantitativas e qualitativas da MO e caracterizar compartimentos orgânicos em um Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro argiloso sob vegetação natural antropizada (CER), pastagem de longa duração (PAL), pastagem degradada (PAD), e pousio (PAC), comparados com culturas sob preparo convencional (CCL) e plantio direto (PD). Foi encontrada pouca variação dos estoques orgânicos na camada superficial, explicada pela antropização da vegetação em CER, pela não-exportação dos resíduos em PD e CCL e pela prática de pousio em PAC. Fracionamento granulométrico, considerando os compartimentos: resíduos vegetais (20-2.000 µm), organo-siltoso (2-20 µm) e organo-argiloso (0-2 µm), mostrou diferenças na qualidade da MO quando comparadas situações edafoambientais semelhantes. Mesmo com pequenas variações, o compartimento resíduos vegetais foi um indicador da evolução dos estoques orgânicos, permitindo a caracterização da degradação nas pastagens e do efeito do plantio direto, quando comparado ao sistema convencional. PD favoreceu a estocagem de C no compartimento organo-argiloso. Solos estudados diferem de outros solos argilosos tropicais pela mais elevada relação C/N encontrada nas frações 0-20 µm. The important role of organic matter (OM) justifies the growing interest for the identification of more efficient use and management systems for the improvement of organic stock in tropical oxisols. The objective of this work was to analyze quantitative and qualitative OM stock variations and to characterize organic compartments in a clayey Dark-Red Latosol under situations of natural savanna vegetation (CER), long-term (PAL) and degraded grasslands (PAD), and fallow conditions (PAC). These were compared with crops under conventional plowing (CCL) and zero tillage (PD). Small organic stock variation was found in surface layer of studied soils, explained by human disturbance of vegetation in CER, no residue exportation in PD and CCL, and by fallow practice in PAC. Particle-size fractionating, considering the compartments: plant residues (20-2,000 µm), silt-organic (2-20 µm) and clay-organic (0-2 µm), showed differences in OM quality, when comparing similar environmental situations. Even with very weak differences, plant residues compartment was an important indicator of organic stock evolution, allowing the characterization of grassland degradation and zero-till effect, when compared with conventional system. PD has favored C stocking in organic-clayey compartment. Soils studied soils were distinct from other tropical clayey soils by the high C/N relationship found in 0-20 µm fractionKeywords
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