XXI.—Submergence and Postural Apnœa in the Swan

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Abstract
Paul Bert (1) (1870) and later Richet (2) (1894) investigated the apnœa in diving produced in the duck (Anas Boschas var. domesticus) by submergence of the head in water. In 1911 Frances M. Huxley (3), while studying this apnœa, discovered that it is largely a postural reflex and that it could be induced without submergence. She also showed that in this reflex a labyrinthine and a cervical element are involved, and later I (4) showed that in most ducks the former, but in some the latter, predominates and that they are cooperative, acting together.

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