Isolation and Amino-Acid Sequence Analysis of Human Sperm Protamines P1 and P2. Occurrence of Two Forms of Protamine P2

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Abstract
The two protamines of human sperm cell nuclei, P1 and P2, were isolated in pure form after extraction with 6M guanidine/5% mercaptoethanol and alkylation with vinyl pyridine by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The amino-acid sequence of protamine P1 was determined by analysing the intact protein and the fragments obtained by cyanogen bromide cleavage. Out of the 50 amino-acid residues 24 are arginines and 6 are cysteines. The sequence of protamine P2 was determined by analysing the intact protein and the fragments resulting from cleavage with endoproteinase Lys-C and thermolysin. Protamine P2 was found to occur in two forms which only differ in their N-terminal regions. The form P2'' is three amino-acid residues longer at the N-terminus than the form P2". Out of the 57 amino-acid residues in the longer form 27 are arginines and 5 are cysteines. Human protamine P1 is highly homologous with the protamines isolated from bull, boar, ram and mouse sperm cells, but human protamine P2 shows a novel type of structure, although also here the dominant amino acids are arginine and cysteine.

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