Abstract
We study the phase dynamics of convective structures after the decay of transients, in a cylindrical container and at low Prandtl number. We observe numerous stationary, periodic or chaotic states. Each of them occurs at a specific window in Rayleigh number. The periodic regimes differ by simple alternatives which concern defect motions and that we attribute to the mean flow instabilities. The identification of these instabilities from the Cross-Newell equations enables us to reconstruct the route to turbulence