Genetic and cytogenetic analyses of the A genome of Triticum monococcum. IV. Synaptonemal complex formation in autotetraploids

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Abstract
Electron microscopy of synaptonemal complex spreads from autotetraploid Triticum monococcum (2n = 4x =28) revealed a minimum mean of 3.59 multivalents per zygotene-pachytene nucleus. The range of values was from 1 to 6 multivalents per nucleus. Most of the multivalents were quadrivalents with single, medially located pairing partner switch points. Lateral element pairing switches, particularly the few multiple switches, were often accompanied by extensive asynapsis around the switch point. The synaptonemal complex multivalent frequency is consideralby higher than the metaphase I quadrivalent frequency previously reported for the same material. Calculations of expected pachytene quadrivalent frequency from metaphase I data, using several published theoretical models, gave values that did not agree with the results obtained here. The difference between the multivalent frequencies at pachytene and metaphase I does not appear to be the results of a correction process. Instead, it could be caused by a combination of preferential pairing or crossing-over and the effects of the position of partner switches and asynapsis associated with switches.