Abstract
Microstructural models have been developed to describe static and dynamic ductile or brittle frature, wave propagation in composites, phase transformations, and the detonation of explosives. Here an approach to developing such models is presented. The models are continuum models on a macro level, but have additional internal state variables describing the number, size, and other aspects of inclusions, cracks, voids, or hot spots. The models include rules for modifying the internal state variables: these rules are derived from the physical processes of initiation, nucleation, growth, and coalescence. Stress‐strain relations are constructed which account for the microstructural features. A ductile facture model is used to illustrate the modeling approach. Advantages of the microstructural approach include the ability to represent very complex, nonlinear processes in a physically reasonable way and the close coordination with experimental results which leads to better understanding of the microprocesses.

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