The occurrence of long transcription units among the X and Y ribosomal genes of Drosophila melanogaster: Transcription of insertion sequences

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Abstract
Most of the ribosomal transcription units (rTUs) in Drosophila melanogaster observed by electron microscopy measure about 8 kb; a length which corresponds to the size of the 38S precursor to ribosomal RNA in D. melanogaster. However, interspersed among these rTUs are transcription units that are much longer (up to 14.6 kb) than the 8 kb expected for rTUs. Some of these larger length estimates can be attributed to stretching but an important fraction is significantly larger and has up to 60 more fibers per gene. — The following evidence suggests that these larger transcription units are ribosomal genes consisting of insertion sequences. The long transcription units are within the sizes expected for rTUs containing insertion sequences as reported by other workers. Their RNP fibers cross-react with antibodies raised against ribosomal proteins in a manner similar to that observed for ribosomal RNP. They are interspersed among rTUs in the X chromosome. — These putative ribosomal genes carrying insertions are present both in the X and, although to a lesser extent, in the Y ribosomal chromatin as is indicated by their existence in nurse cells of both Oregon R females and females of the genotype sc 4 sc 8/sc 4 sc 8/y + Y. Analysis of the fiber patterns of “long TUs” supports the hypothesis that the insertion region is being transcribed. — “Long TUs” are found in tandem with non-transcribed spacer regions which are heterogeneous in length with a mean of 1.53±0.61 μm (or 8.5±3.4 kb).