Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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Abstract
Virtually every organ system can be affected by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Neurologic abnormalities are common, occurring in approximately half of all patients at some time during the course of their illness. Like SLE in general, nervous system involvement can have a wide variety of manifestations, including defects in the highest cerebral functions of reasoning, memory, and reality testing; gross disturbances of cortical motor function; abnormal motor regulation by the cerebellum and basal ganglia; spinal-cord abnormalities; cranial and peripheral neuropathies; and even abnormalities at the neuromuscular junction.The most common neuropsychiatric manifestations — organic brain syndrome, with or without psychosis, . . .