Placement Techniques for Preemergence Applications of Pendimethalin in Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

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Abstract
Field experiments were conducted to evaluate placement techniques for preemergence applications of pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] in grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench.]. The first technique consisted of row shields mounted behind the planter units. Shields maintained an untreated strip over the crop drill and allowed successful crop establishment with pendimethalin at 1.1 kg ai/ha, despite a simulated, intense rainfall of 3.8 cm within 24 h after planting. A second technique, which consisted of a special nozzle arrangement, was evaluated in no-till grain sorghum. The nozzle arrangement allowed a broadcast herbicide application but maintained an untreated strip over the crop drill. No stand reductions occurred using this technique at pendimethalin rates of 1.1 and 2.2 kg/ha. In a growth chamber experiment, preemergence applications of pendimethalin severely injured grain sorghum when the soil was wet at the time of emergence, but injury was reduced under hot, dry conditions.