Comparative Gene Analysis of Common Wheat and its Ancestral Species, I. Necrosis

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Abstract
It has been shown that complementary necrosis in common wheat is mainly controlled by 3 genes, Ne1 located in chromosome 5B (V), Ne2 in 2A (XIII) and Ne3 in 3D (XVI). The B1 and F2 data from the cross between T. mach subletschumicum and T. aestivum Chinese Spring indicated that a recessive gene in addition to the above-mentioned genes must be considered regarding the expression of necrosis. Distribution of the 3 major genes in common wheat and its ancestors, Emmer wheat and A. squarrosa. was investigated using T. aestivum Prelude (Ne1 ne2 Ne3), T. aestivum Kharkov (ne1 Ne2 Ne3) and T. macha subletschumicum (Ne1 Ne2 ne3) as test varieties. The genotypes of Emmer wheat, T. dicoccoides spontaneo-nigrum, some forms of T. dicoccum, T. turgidum, T. persicum, T. orientale, and many varieties of T. durum were assumed to be Ne1 ne2 or ne1 ne2. It was suggested that Ne2 in common wheat originated at the hexaploid level rather than having been derived from Emmer wheat Possibility of selective advantage of Ne2 and disadvantage of Ne1 at the hexaploid level was also suggested.

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