Differences in Ability of Musicians and Nonmusicians to Judge Emotional State from the Fundamental Frequency of Voice Samples

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Abstract
One hundred and twelve listeners evaluated voice recordings containing fundamental frequency contours of patients during mental depression and following recovery. In 80% of the ratings the listeners were able to determine whether or not the recording was made during the depressive phase. A group of conservatory students made significantly fewer errors than a group of law students. No significant difference was found between male and female listeners.

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