Chemical-shift MR imaging of the femoral head: an in vitro study of normal hips and hips with avascular necrosis

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Abstract
To study the conventional and chemical-shift MR images of fatty, hemopoietic, and ischemic bone marrow, four normal femurs from autopsies and six femoral heads from total hip replacement done for avascular necrosis (AVN) were imaged with a small-bore 1.4-T MR unit. T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo images, fat- and water-selective spin-echo images, and out-of-phase images were obtained. The specimens were then sectioned, radiographed, and studied histologically. The capital epiphysis and greater trochanter in normal femurs had the highest signal on T1-weighted, fat-selective, and out-of-phase images owing to their high fat content. Fat-selective and water-selective images accurately depicted regions of fat and water, whereas T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and out-of-phase images were misleading in some cases. On T2-weighted images, a double line consisting of a rim of low signal with a high-signal inner border was noted surrounding AVN lesions. Histologic correlation showed that the low-signal outer rim was due to...

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