Dimensions of Root Caps and Columella Tissues of Primary Roots of Ricinus communis Characterized by Differing Degrees of Graviresponsiveness

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Abstract
Primary roots of Ricinus communis having large caps and columella tissues are more graviresponsive than primary roots with small caps and columella tissues. The increased graviresponsiveness of roots with larger caps correlates positively with their columella tissues having larger length: width ratios than less graviresponsive roots having smaller caps. Roots with wider tips typically are more graviresponsive and have more extensive columellas than roots with thinner tips. However, the size of the columella tissue correlates positively with graviresponsiveness, irrespective of the width of the root tip. These results indicate that differing dimensions of the columella tissue may be the basis for the differing graviresponses of primary roots of R. communis.