Ethical issues in the management of the demented patient

Abstract
Ethical questions arising in the management of the demented patient vary as a function of the stage of dementia. In the early stages, issues of decision-making capacity and the execution of advance directives are paramount. In the middle and later stages, issues involving the appropriate level of medical treatment, decisions to restrain patients, and care-giver issues are most relevant. End-of-life treatment issues become the major ethical issues in the final stages of dementia. Problems resulting from impairments in the professional relationship between the neurologist and the demented patient can occur in all stages. [2]

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