RODS, CONES, AND THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF VISION

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Abstract
Quantitative observations on various visual functions (spectral sensitivity, dark adaptation, intensity discrimination, flicker and visual acuity) are reviewed from the standpoint of the Duplicity Theory. For each of the several functions the data fall quite naturally into two parts, one part representing the function of the concs. the other function of the rods, the transition between the two parts being quite abrupt. Visual function is detd. by the rods at low levels of intensity, and during the later stages of dark adaptation. Rod function is absent in the fovea, and becomes prominent towards the periphery of the retina; it has a characteristic spectral distribution of sensitivity, with its maximum at ca. 510 m., and yields colorless sensations. Cone function is present alone in the fovea, and becomes less and leys marked towards the periphery; its maximal spectral sensitivity is at 540 m., and it yields colored sensations. The author''s quantitative interpretations of the data, on the basis of simple assumptions as to the nature of the underlying chemical mechanisms of photorcception, are reviewed in concise form. After due allowance has been made for the differences between the rods and concs. the equations developed describe many of the basic data of vision with considerable precision.

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