Laboratory Evaluation of Candidate Materials as Potential Soil Insecticides. IV12

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Abstract
Nineteen insecticides were evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions to assess their potential as soil insecticides. Spectrum of insecticidal activity as contact poisons was assessed using species of insects representing five orders: 24- to 48-hr-old nymphs of a common field cricket (Achela (formerly Gryllus) pennsylvanicus (Burmeister); an adult picture-winged fly Chaetopsis debilis (Loew); 3rd-stage larvae of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner); an adult flea beetle Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze); and the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. Direct-contact toxicity was assessed relative to the toxicity of carbofuran. Biological activity of the insecticides in moist and air-dry mineral soil and moist muck soil was determined using crickets as the test insects. Initial fumigant activity and persistence of biological activity over 48 weeks also were determined using moist mineral soil. Carbofuran, aldrin, dieldrin, and diazinon were used as standard insecticides in the various soil tests. Most of the experimental insecticides were effective broad-spectrum contact insecticides, although none showed as broad a spectrum of activity as carbofuran. Thirteen of the 19 showed fair to good activity in soil. Of these, 7 were of limited persistence, 4 moderately residual, and 2 highly residual. Several of the tested compounds appeared to warrant evaluation as soil insecticides under field conditions. These included Ciba 18244 (O-(2,5-dichloro-4-iodophenyl) O-ethyl ethylphosphonothioate), leptophos, Pirimiphos-methyl® (O[2-(diethylamino-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl] O, O-diethyl phosphorothioate), Pirimiphos-ethyl® (O-[2-diethylamino-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl] O, O-diethyl phosphorothioate), Bux® Insecticide (m-(1-ethylpropyl) phenyl methylcarbamate mixture (1-4) with m-l-methylbutyl) phenyl methylcarbamate), and Bay 92114 (isopropyl salicylate O-ester with O-ethyl isopropylphosphoramidothioate).

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