On facilitation of transmitter release at the toad neuromuscular junction

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Abstract
1. The time dependence of the increase in amplitude (facilitation) of a second end-plate potential (e.p.p.) elicited within 10-100 msec of a preceding e.p.p. was examined at neuromuscular junctions in sartorius muscles of toads. Facilitation was defined by two characteristics, initial facilitation and the time constant of its exponential decay.2. The time constant of decay of facilitation was longer at lower temperatures and the Q(10) was 4.3 in the range 10-25 degrees C. There was no significant effect of temperature on initial facilitation.3. Ouabain (10(-4)-10(-3)M), lithium substitution for sodium, sodium azide (5 mM) and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM, 0.1 mM) initially had no effect on initial facilitation or the decay of facilitation. After some time, they all caused a longer time constant of decay of facilitation and a depression of initial facilitation.4. It was concluded that the decay of facilitation is not directly dependent on active transport of sodium ions, calcium efflux, ATP-dependent movements of calcium or mitochondrial uptake of calcium following an action potential.5. Ouabain, lithium, sodium azide, and NEM all caused an increase in transmitter release. This effect, and the late effects on facilitation, were thought to be due to an increase in intracellular calcium concentration in nerve terminals.6. No relationship was found between the quantal content of e.p.p.s (range, 0.8-100) and initial facilitation, or the time constant of decay of facilitation.7. Substitution of strontium for calcium ions caused a marked prolongation of the time constant of decay of facilitation, and a depression of initial facilitation.8. The results were consistent with the hypothesis that the time constant of decay of facilitation is related to the rate of disappearance of an ;active' complex of calcium (CaA) which, of itself, is not sufficient for transmitter release. It is suggested that an action potential produces CaA which decays with the time constant of facilitation and CaS, a short-life complex of calcium which decays with the time constant of the phasic release of transmitter. The release of transmitter is proportional to some function of [CaA] and [CaS].