Quasi-Classical Theory of the Nonspinning Electron

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Abstract
We develop a modified Hamiltonian-Jacobi theory of classical mechanics following the early work of Van Vleck. This modified Hamiltonian-Jacobi theory, or quasi-classical theory, permits us to exhibit in classical mechanics many features that in the past have been exclusively associated with quantum mechanics. We deal with classical wave functions, classical operators, classical "eigenvalue" equations, a classical "sum over paths" formulation of classical mechanics, and with classical creation and destruction operators. Following Van Vleck, one can derive the WKB approximate solutions to the Schrödinger equation from the solutions of the classical Hamilton-Jacobi equation. If we apply the methods of Keller to the nonrelativistic and relativistic Kepler problem, we derive eigenvalues from the requirement of single-valuedness imposed on the WKB solutions. It turns out that the energy eigenvalues are those given by the Schrödinger equation and the Klein-Gordon equation, respectively. In the particular case of the harmonic oscillator there exists a canonical transformation which transforms the quasi-classical equation into an exact equation of quantum mechanics. We conjecture that if the WKB approximation and the Schrödinger equation predict the same eigenvalues, then there always exists a canonical transformation which transforms the quasi-classical equation into the corresponding Schrödinger equation. Finally we derive the quasi-classical equations in momentum space.

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