Variations in Binding Affinities of the Peripheral Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor can be Attributed to Endogenous Acetylcholine

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Abstract
Equilibrium binding studies performed with fresh membrane fragments from Torpedo marmorata reveal a low affinity for [3H]acetylcholine with an equilibrium dissociation constant in the micromolar range and no indication of cooperative interactions. The low binding affinity is an artifact caused by the presence of endogenous acetylcholine and is not related to the active conformation of the receptor. Endogenous acetylcholine is identified by its interaction with acetylcholine esterase and choline kinase. It is present in presynaptic vesicles as shown in electron micrographs. Leakage of these synaptosomes is of the order of 300 pmol acetylcholine per g tissue as determined by means of binding studies performed with [3]acetylcholine. In the absence of endogenous acetylcholine, equilibrium binding studies show a high affinity for [3H]acetylcholine and a slight cooperativity of sites (KD1 = 30nM; KD2 = 10nM). The addition of detergents, local anesthetics or alcohols to a further increase in affinity and to a decrease in cooperativity (KD1 = 11nM; KD2 = 5nM). No low-affinity binding can be detected in the micromolar range.