Die Messung des anatomischen Totraumvolumens Atemzug für Atemzug mit Hilfe des Totluft-Plateaus

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Abstract
Anatomical dead space volume was determined by measuring the dead air bolus volume. A fast O2 detector [a Clark electrode with a 95% response time of 10 mg] was used. The expired volume was measured with a pneumotachograph. The volume expired at the end of the so-called dead air plateau was taken as dead space volume. One breath gave one value. The method was modified and improved by a decrease of O2 detector response time, construction of a special expiratory valve which disturbs the concentration profiles as little as possible and an improved upper respiratory tract simulation. The accuracy of the method was checked in 2 ways: by intra-individual comparison of lung healthy probands by the Bohr and Fowler method, and with a known additive dead space volume. In the 1st case no systematic deviation was found within reproducibility. The additive dead space volume was determined with an accuracy of 6 ml. The reproducibility of the method is 2.7 ml. In pulmonary disease cases the anatomical dead space was also correctly determined. By measuring the dead space volume breath by breath with this method, normal and pathological human bronchiolar system actions and reactions can be studied in vivo. It was an alternative method to resistance measurements, and the slope of the dead space volume/tidal volume curve gave a measure of bronchiolar distensibility. The method was not sensitive to swallowing (closure of the larynx).

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