The Portoenterostomy Procedure for Biliary Atresia

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Abstract
The portoenterostomy (Kasai) procedure in infants with biliary atresia has dramatically altered the outlook for this heretofore fatal disease. When performed on infants under three months of age, bile drainage can be achieved in a majority of the patients. Since 1972, 37 infants have been treated with this operation at our institution. Diagnostic operative cholangiography and liver biopsy are recommended if the cause of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is presumed to be obstructive. When biliary atresia is encountered, identification of the atretic ducts with transection high in the porta hepatis is carried out. Thirty-two infants have had the portojejunostomy, while five, in whom the proximal hepatic ducts were atretic but the gall bladder and distal ducts were patent, underwent portocholecystostomy. Examination of the resected fibrous duct tissue revealed a statistically significant correlation between ductal histology and postoperative outcome. Extended bile drainage has been achieved in 26 of 37 patients. Seventeen exhibit near normal growth and development four months to five years postoperatively. Seven have died with progressive liver disease despite bile drainage. Two additional patients died, jaundice free, from unrelated causes. Despite bile drainage, progressive hepatic fibrosis has been confirmed by serial biopsies in 14 patients. This finding indicates that biliary obstruction is not the sole component in the development of biliary cirrhosis. These data suggest that extrahepatic biliary atresia is a dynamic obliterative process, which can be favorably modified in approximately 50% of the infants by early surgical treatment.