Pachycephalosauria

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Abstract
Pachycephalosauria is a group of bipedal ornithischians with thickened bones of the skull roof. The group is widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere, mostly in western North America and central Asia, but also in Europe. This chapter examines the anatomy, phylogeny, and paleobiology of pachycephalosaurians. Pachycephalosaurians are often called dome-headed or thick-headed dinosaurs. They were bipedal herbivores with unspecialized teeth and their necks were thick and short. Pachycephalosaurians also have weakly curved dorsal ribs, broad pelvis, widely spaced femora, and unusually long ribs on the proximal caudal vertebrae, which indicate that they had a bulky trunk and a heavy tail.

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