High-resolution beamforming with oversampled arrays

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Abstract
Interpreting plane-wave beamforming as wave-vector spectrum estimation, we show that the maximum entropy spectrum estimation technique (MEM) indicates the presence of false targets when used to beamform a spatially oversampled array. The source of this instability lies in the presence in the MEM technique of the prior estimate that the wave-vector spectrum is white over the Nyquist band. By the use of a new, adaptive, high-resolution spectral estimator, which includes MEM as a special case, the instability is removed. The results are of particular significance for short arrays operated at low frequencies.

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