Testbed Evaluation of Virtual Environment Interaction Techniques
- 1 February 2001
- journal article
- Published by MIT Press in PRESENCE: Virtual and Augmented Reality
- Vol. 10 (1) , 75-95
- https://doi.org/10.1162/105474601750182333
Abstract
As immersive virtual environment (VE) applications become more complex, it is clear that we need a firm understanding of the principles of VE interaction. In particular, designers need guidance in choosing three-dimensional interaction techniques. In this paper, we present a systematic approach, testbed evaluation, for the assessment of interaction techniques for VEs. Testbed evaluation uses formal frameworks and formal experiments with multiple independent and dependent variables to obtain a wide range of performance data for VE interaction techniques. We present two testbed experiments, covering techniques for the common VE tasks of travel and object selection/manipulation. The results of these experiments allow us to form general guidelines for VE interaction and to provide an empirical basis for choosing interaction techniques in VE applications. Evaluation of a real-world VE system based on the testbed results indicates that this approach can produce substantial improvements in usability.Keywords
This publication has 11 references indexed in Scilit:
- Map usage in virtual environments: orientation issuesPublished by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ,2003
- Maintaining Spatial Orientation during Travel in an Immersive Virtual EnvironmentPRESENCE: Virtual and Augmented Reality, 1999
- Formalizing the Design, Evaluation, and Application of Interaction Techniques for Immersive Virtual EnvironmentsJournal of Visual Languages & Computing, 1999
- The Virtual Venue: User-Computer Interaction in Information-Rich Virtual EnvironmentsPRESENCE: Virtual and Augmented Reality, 1998
- Designing animal habitats within an immersive VEIEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 1998
- A framework and testbed for studying manipulation techniques for immersive VRPublished by Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) ,1997
- The challenges of 3D interactionACM SIGCHI Bulletin, 1994
- The Virtual Environment Performance Assessment Battery (VEPAB):Development and EvaluationPRESENCE: Virtual and Augmented Reality, 1994
- Simulator Sickness Questionnaire: An Enhanced Method for Quantifying Simulator SicknessThe International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 1993
- Exploration and virtual camera control in virtual three dimensional environmentsACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, 1990