FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PASSAGE OF LIQUIDS FROM THE STOMACH INTO THE INTESTINE

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Abstract
A dog with duodenitis and pancreatitis showed marked delay in gastric emptying for all liquids, even tap water. Strong acids retard the emptying of the stomach. Dilute solutions (0.1% and less lactic and 0.05% and less HC1) empty in approximately the same time as does tap water. Alkaline solutions of 1% or more also slow evacuation. Weak basic solutions (of less than 0.1%) act as do the weak acids. Pepper and mustard infusions and strong solutions (5%) of alcohol produced the most marked retardation in emptying. Quinine, bran, peptone (10-20%), boiled starch (up to 5%) and strong solutions of neutral salts (about 1 or 2%), such as MgSO4, Na2SO4 and NaCl, were all slightly inhibitory. Some of the solutions tried (e.g., ammonia, NaCl and others) produce gastric secretion and thus causing an acid reaction retard the evacuation of the stomach. Using 40[degree] C. as the temp.-standard with which all others were compared, gastric evacuation was delayed only by temps. of 45-48[degree] C. and 5-3[degree] C. In the 252 experiments carried out, 5 dogs (4 having gastric fistulae and 1 with intestinal fistula) were used. The solutions were introduced into the stomach in 200-cc. quantities usually at 40[degree] C. and were withdrawn at the end of 20 min. With some solutions, repeated introductions were made, fractions being withdrawn every 15 or 20 min. for analysis. The x-ray method was also used in watching the emptying of the stomach. The most notable factors inhibiting gastric evacuation are: strong acids and alkalies, strong irritants, high and very low temps., pancreatitis, and duodenitis, either acute or chronic. The liquids studied include solutions of HC1, lactic acid, gastric juice, NaHCO3, ammonia, MgO, filtered and unfiltered calcined magnesia, lime water, quinine, neutral salts (MgS04, NaS0, NaCl), distilled and tap water (very hard), psyllium seed, mineral oil, pepper, mustard, alcohol, starch and peptone.

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