FEM Modeling of Fictitious Crack Propagation in Concrete

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Abstract
Using a mixed‐mode extension of the Hillerborg fictitious crack model, a practical interface finite element approach is used to model discrete crack propagation. The fictitious crack tip propagates perpendicular to the maximum tensile principal stress at its tip when the tensile strength is exceeded. A dynamic relaxation method is employed. Interface elements have been used before to model such cracks; however, the software technology is in a state of rapid development, making possible improvements in the modeling of discrete nonlinear crack propagation. The concept of fracture process zone is broadened to one of interface process zone, which includes the nonlinear behavior of the fracture process zone as well as the crack face interference behind the fracture process zone. A development makes the method efficient while preserving the accuracy of the fictitious crack model. The fictitious crack is represented by interface elements with linearly varying displacements; however, the traction distribution is arbitrary. As example problems demonstrate, these assumptions allow the fictitious crack to be modeled using few degrees of freedom without compromising accuracy. Modeling of the size effect is presented.

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