Visual Studies of the Flow of Air-water Mixtures in a Vertical Pipe

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Abstract
The need for a clear understanding of the physical nature of the flow ofgas-liquid mixtures in vertical pipes is ever becoming more apparent. This typeof flow is encountered when gas and oil are produced from a well; when water isremoved from gas wells with siphon lines and when liquids are elevated by meansof air or gas lift. Although a number of investigators have published data onthe flow of gas-liquid mixtures, in only a few cases has the experimental setupbeen devised to permit visual study. In the fields of heat transmission, suchas the boiling of liquids and the study of the critical phenomena of thehydrocarbons, researchers have been able to throw additional light onheretofore unexplainable happenings through actual observation in glassapparatus. This investigation was therefore undertaken in order to obtainqualitative as well as quantitative results for air-water flow. Experimental Apparatus and Procedure The flow column used in these tests was made of standard 2-in. pipe and wasapproximately 98 ft. in height. Pyrex observation sections 2 ft. long havingthe same internal diameter as the wrought-iron pipe were placed at 14-ft.intervals in the column. The bottom of the tube was cut off square andterminated in the mixing chamber. No perforated nipple or foot-piece of anykind was used. To the top of the column was fastened a semicircular return bendhaving a 4-ft. radius. The flow column was supported by a standard cable-tool drilling derrick intowhich were built observation platforms at each Pyrex section. T.P. 1080

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