The operating conditions to which some castings are subjected are much more severe than they were a quarter of a century ago, and are likely to become more severe in the future. Castings which were acceptable in the past are often considered unsuitable for present-day working and great cost is involved in achieving cast components which can be used in modern equipment. These costs are often incurred in correcting the castings. By changing designs, production methods and inspection and testing techniques the cost of the castings should in the long run be reduced, and the challenge of future conditions will be met.