Regime transition and the 1990 Soviet republican elections

Abstract
The political upheavals that swept Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union during 1989–91 are best understood by applying an interactive model of regime transition. In the light of such an approach, the relative success of opposition movements in the 1990 Soviet republic and local elections can be seen as related to three variables: (1) level of regime tolerance of opposition; (2) degree of social pluralization; and (3) territorial penetration of opposition. The position becomes clearly when the Soviet Union is treated not as a single society, but as several, with a diversity comparable to that of Eastern Europe. Moreover, such an approach renders the communist transitions comparable with transitions to democracy in other parts of the world.

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