Effects of electrode structure on output electron energy distribution of microchannel plates

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Abstract
The output energy distribution of microchannel plates with different output electrode structures has been studied experimentally. It is shown that the penetration depth of the output electrode into the microchannel plates ω is a very important factor affecting both the output energy spread and the gain. When ω becomes twice the length of a channel diameter, the unfavorable tail component in the energy distribution can be suppressed. Improvement in the output energy spread, however, results in a considerable gain reduction. These characteristics are clarified by the internal current behavior in MCPs inferred from two operating dynode currents at the input and output ends.