A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of mupirocin calcium ointment for eliminating nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among hospital personnel
Sixty-eight health care workers were enrolled in a double-blind clinical trial and randomized to receive either mupirocin calcium ointment or placebo, intranasally bid for 5 days. Nasal cultures were taken immediately before starting treatment, 1 and 2 during treatment, at the end of treatment, 3 days later, weekly for 1–5 weeks and then monthly for 2–6 months after treatment. Mupirocin eliminated nasal carriage with Staphylococcus aureus in 58% of subjects within two days and 86·7% subjects by the end of therapy compared to 9·4% subjects at the end oftreatment with placebo (P < 0.001). Post-treatment colonization rates of 43%, 56% and 67% were attained after 1 month, 2–4 and 6 months treatment with mupirocin respectively and recolonisation with the same strain of S. aureus that had been isolated before treatment was noted in 32%, 40% and 48%. No resistance to mupirocin developed and the drug was well tolerated. Mupirocin is safe and effective in suppressing nasalcarriage of S. aureus.