A b i n i t i o calculations on the positive ions of the alkaline-earth oxides, fluorides, and hydroxides

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Abstract
Theoretical spectroscopic parameters are presented at the self‐consistent‐field and singles‐plus‐doubles configuration‐interaction (SDCI) levels for the ground states of the positive ions of the alkaline‐earth fluorides, oxides, and hydroxides. The alkaline‐earth fluoride and hydroxide ions are found to have X 1Σ+ ground states corresponding to a M+2X−1 structure. The alkaline‐earth oxide positive ions, on the other hand, undergo a change in ground state symmetry between CaO+(X 2Π) and SrO+(X 2Σ+), whereas the analogous alkali oxides undergo the change one row higher between NaO and KO. The greater stability of the 2Π states for the alkaline‐earth oxide positive ions is due to the increased electrostatic field created by the larger metal ion charge and reduced bond lengths. Calculations on the 3Π states of BeF+, MgF+, BeOH+, and MgOH+ indicate that these states, corresponding to the M+1X structure, lie much higher in energy. The bond distances of the positive ions are uniformly 0.07±0.02 Å shorter than the analogous electronic states of the neutral. By correcting for the relatively small errors in the theoretical bond distances for the neutrals, bond distances accurate to about 0.005 Å are obtained for the ions where experimental values are available for the neutral species. Since extensive one‐particle basis sets are employed and differential correlation effects are minimized by dissociating directly to ions, theoretical dissociation energies and ionization potentials (I.P.) accurate to about 0.15 eV can be obtained. The dissociation energies (D0) in eV for the ground states at the SDCI level are found to be: BeO+(4.04), MgO+(2.31), CaO+(3.29), SrO+(3.28), BeF+(6.25), MgF+(4.46), CaF+(5.67), SrF+(5.71), BeOH+(6.00), MgOH+(3.62), CaOH+(4.73), and SrOH+(4.67). For all of the systems studied, the bonding is dominated by electrostatic interactions. However, the molecules containing Be show some covalent character owing to the large I.P. of Be+. We have found that the constrained space orbital variation analysis, which decomposes the bonding into intrafragment polarization and interfragment donations, is an excellent method for delineating the degree of ionic bonding in a molecular system.