Angular Dependence of Electron-Coupled Proton Interactions in CH2 Groups

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Abstract
Experimental and theoretical studies have been made of the dependence upon HCH angle of the electron‐coupled proton‐proton interactions in CH2 groups. A valence‐bond approximation is used in the theoretical treatment which predicts that the coupling constant A gem HH decreases from 32 cps to 0 cps for HCH angles of 100° to 125°. For angles greater than 125°, A gem HH is predicted to be negative. Experimental values of A gem HH have been obtained from analyses of the proton magnetic‐resonance spectra of a number of compounds, including several partially deuterated species. Insofar as the HCH angles are known in these compounds, there is good agreement between the theoretical and experimental coupling constants, especially for angles smaller than 120°, for which A gem HH changes more rapidly with angle. Moreover, a negative value is found experimentally for A gem HH in vinyl bromide at an HCH angle which is approximately that at which the theory predicts the coupling to become negative. The substituted ethylenes constitute the largest group of compounds studied experimentally. In them, A gem HH has been found to vary from 3.2 cps to —1.8 cps, while the A c is HH values range from 6.9 cps to 12 cps and the A trans HH from 14.3 cps to 18.4 cps. The various results presented indicate that the value of the coupling constant can serve as a measure of the HCH angle. However, further work is needed to confirm the reliability of the method and investigate the effects of substituent perturbations.