The Effect of External Force on Surface Stability by the Self-Consistent Einstein Model

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Abstract
Effects of an external force on the surface lattice dynamics, such as anharmonic surface vibration, surface relaxation of the lattice constant and thermal stability of the surface, are studied by the use of the one-dimensional self-consistent Einstein model with emphasis on material strength. A new numerical method to solve the basic equations revealed surface instability phenomena. Above a critical temperature determined by the external force, the mean square displacements and the lattice constants satisfying the basic equations are not found. Under a tensile force, the system is unstable and will fracture when the force is stronger than a critical one which is cosiderably lower than the ideal strength.

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