Malaria and the Malaria Danger in Certain Irrigated Regions of Southwestern United States

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Abstract
From 1926 to 1928 surveys were made at various points along the Rio Grande in Texas, along the Rio Grande and Pecos in New Mexico, in the Salt River Valley, Arizona, and the Imperial Valley of California, where irrigation was practiced. The irrigation canals themselves were not often found producing anophelines, which were found abundantly in the drainage ditches, seepage areas and flooded pastures. No breeding was detected in the Imperial Valley. Anopheles pseudopunctipennis was found in all other localities. In the lower part of the Rio Grande Valley, A. quadrimaculatus was abundant; higher up in Texas and New Mexico, A. maculipennis was abundant. A long standing focus of endemic malaria was discovered near Espanol, northern New Mexico, but in Dona Ana County, in the southern part of the same state, malaria first made its appearance in certain areas in 1925. Plasmodium vivax is the prevailing parasite, although one small outbreak of estivo-autumnal malaria in Dona Ana County was observed in 1927. The population is mixed and contains many recent immigrants. The distribution of Gambusia and the routine dusting of the drains with Paris green are recommended for control.

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