Seed production and longevity, seasonal emergence and phenology of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.)

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Abstract
Experiments conducted from 1977 to 1979, at Rutherglen, north-eastern Victoria, investigated seed production, seed longevity, seasonal emergence and phenological development in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.), a weed of field crops. Seed production of wild radish reached 17 275 seeds/m2; seeds retained viability and germinated over a period of three years. The loss of viability was faster at the soil surface or at 1 cm depth than at 5 or 10 cm. Of 1000 wild radish seeds buried at 1 cm depth, 737 emerged after three years, compared with 367, 167 and 5 at 0.5 and 10 cm, respectively. Phenological development of wild radish was affected by time of planting, and the duration of the period from plant emergence to plant senescence ranged from 5 to 10 months. Temperature appeared to influence development up to flowering, but photoperiod affected the length of flowering. Plants emerging at any time during the year were able to flower and seed successfully. The implications of these findings for control programs are discussed.

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