The Introduced Parasites of the European Pine Shoot Moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), with a Critical Evaluation of Their Usefulness as Control Agents

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Abstract
Two aspects of the biological control of R. buoliana are reported in this paper. From 1949 to 1957 rearing techniques were developed for and observations were made of the abundance and biology of parasites received in host material that was collected in Europe (Arthur). From 1955 to 1959 a critical evaluation of the parasites was made, largely based on a study at Elmira, Ontario, of the biology and habits of five representative parasitic species in the field and the laboratory to determine factors that limit their efficiency (Juillet).