Circadian flight activity in four sibling species of theAnopheles gambiaecomplex (Diptera, Culicidae)

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Abstract
Circadian flight activity in the males and females ofAnopheles gambiaeGiles species A and B, A. melas (Theo.) and A. merus Dön. has been investigated using the acoustic actograph technique. In each species the pattern and timing of activity in males and females is almost identical. Cyclical activity continues in constant dark; the period of the cycle is approximately half-an-hour shorter inA. gambiaespecies A and half-an-hour longer inA. merusthan in the other two species. In alternating 12 h light: 12 h dark, both sexes are active during the dark period, with peaks of activity following light-off and light-on. After light-off, the species become active in the following order:A. gambiaespecies A,A. melas, A. gambiaespecies B,A. merus. A. merusis approximately 20 min later than species A.