Study of titanium diffusion in lithium-niobate low-loss optical waveguides by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- 1 November 1976
- journal article
- research article
- Published by AIP Publishing in Journal of Applied Physics
- Vol. 47 (11) , 4794-4797
- https://doi.org/10.1063/1.322518
Abstract
We have used x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the valence of diffused titanium in LiNbO3. Our measurements show Ti ions only in the +4 valence state within the sensitivity of the measurement technique. Further analysis of our data indicates that the Ti ions occupy a unique site in the LiNbO3 unit cell.This publication has 7 references indexed in Scilit:
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