CYTOLOGY AND MORPHOGENESIS IN THE RHIZOMORPH OF ARMILLARIA MELLEA

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Abstract
Aided by the techniques of thin sectioning and electron microscopy, the apical region of the rhizomorph ofArmillaria melleahas been examined. This region is composed of concentric zones of morphologically distinct tissues derived from a subapical meristematic zone designated the apical center. Meristematic activity is of two types: (1) primary, localized in the apical center, in which new hyphal elements are formed from apical initials, and (2) secondary, localized in the lateral regions of the apex, in which elaboration of the hyphal elements by means of elongation and secondary crosswall formation takes place. From these meristematic zones the tissues of the mature rhizomorph are derived and include: (a) peripheral hyphae, (b) cortex, (c) subcortex, and (d) primary and secondary medulla. The manner of differentiation of an apical initial appears unique and involves synchronous nuclear divisions accompanied by segmentation in many planes. The result of this activity is the formation of multinucleate hyphae. Apical initials are usually highly cytoplasmic and possess peculiar non‐membrane‐bound fibrous bundles, but in all other respects they resemble the hyphae of most Basidiomycetes thus far examined with the electron microscope.